Our amicus brief answers the question: no.
We Found That More Than 170 U.S. Citizens Have Been Held by Immigration Agents. They’ve Been Kicked, Dragged and Detained for Days.
https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will
We Found That More Than 170 U.S. Citizens Have Been Held by Immigration Agents. They’ve Been Kicked, Dragged and Detained for Days.
https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-dhs-american-citizens-arrested-detained-against-will